Java versus Java GraalVM fastest performance Always look at the source code. If the fastest programs are hand-written vector instructions, does the host language matter? You might be more interested in the less optimised programs — more seconds, less gz source code. fannkuch-redux source secs mem gz cpu secs Java GraalVM #3 33.81 86,924 1257 33.96 Java GraalVM 9.23 86,828 1282 36.40 Java GraalVM #2 38.31 87,828 514 38.43 Java #3 40.36 39,932 1257 40.43 Java 10.71 40,324 1282 42.25 Java #2 46.85 38,492 514 46.91 n-body source secs mem gz cpu secs Java GraalVM #4 6.18 85,548 1489 6.27 Java GraalVM #5 6.44 86,316 1429 6.53 Java #5 6.77 40,632 1429 6.82 Java #4 6.86 40,516 1489 6.89 Java GraalVM #3 6.86 86,496 1430 6.95 Java GraalVM #2 6.87 78,172 1424 6.96 Java #2 7.32 40,508 1424 7.37 Java GraalVM 7.27 86,564 1430 7.39 Java #3 7.38 40,492 1430 7.43 Java 7.76 40,724 1430 7.80 spectral-norm source secs mem gz cpu secs Java #3 1.54 42,324 756 5.93 Java GraalVM #3 1.62 88,944 756 6.17 Java GraalVM #2 1.78 91,088 950 6.78 Java 7.02 41,448 514 7.09 Java #2 2.39 41,092 950 9.25 Java GraalVM 11.14 90,036 514 11.28 mandelbrot source secs mem gz cpu secs Java GraalVM #4 4.33 143,704 660 15.87 Java GraalVM #2 4.09 133,016 796 16.10 Java #4 4.39 101,236 660 16.12 Java GraalVM #6 4.11 128,192 802 16.15 Java #2 4.11 83,924 796 16.21 Java #6 4.27 84,532 802 16.86 Java 25.66 40,860 665 25.73 Java GraalVM 26.52 83,372 665 26.68 Java GraalVM #3 7.26 131,396 903 28.75 Java #3 7.37 88,056 903 29.24 pidigits source secs mem gz cpu secs Java #3 0.92 38,380 764 0.95 Java GraalVM #3 0.95 76,008 764 1.03 Java #2 1.34 41,352 938 1.42 Java GraalVM #2 1.37 87,768 938 1.51 Java GraalVM 6.85 448,912 800 7.82 Java 7.44 430,616 800 8.45 regex-redux source secs mem gz cpu secs Java GraalVM 7.72 941,956 868 15.05 Java GraalVM #3 4.89 833,652 929 15.63 Java 8.58 767,552 868 16.68 Java #6 5.40 637,728 740 17.08 Java #3 5.45 736,544 929 17.42 Java GraalVM #6 6.19 880,996 740 19.38 fasta source secs mem gz cpu secs Java #4 3.17 40,400 1524 3.27 Java GraalVM #6 1.26 95,520 2543 3.55 Java #6 1.16 46,068 2543 3.65 Java #5 1.23 46,180 2473 3.79 Java GraalVM #5 1.24 98,160 2473 3.80 Java #2 4.32 44,708 1257 4.45 Java GraalVM #4 3.55 375,868 1524 5.12 Java GraalVM #2 5.51 333,924 1257 7.05 k-nucleotide source secs mem gz cpu secs Java GraalVM 4.17 424,112 1812 13.25 Java 5.03 361,196 1812 16.40 Java #6 7.17 357,700 1607 25.04 Java #3 7.12 357,568 1635 25.06 Java GraalVM #6 7.70 420,628 1607 27.07 Java GraalVM #3 7.75 419,952 1635 27.32 Java #4 35.38 201,052 1882 35.83 Java GraalVM #4 36.39 248,772 1882 37.04 Java #5 18.82 208,376 2219 40.84 Java GraalVM #5 18.18 261,580 2219 42.52 reverse-complement source secs mem gz cpu secs Java #6 3.02 2,027,152 752 3.69 Java #5 4.46 1,094,060 1108 4.58 Java GraalVM #5 4.61 1,142,600 1108 4.91 Java GraalVM #4 5.33 1,898,848 651 5.59 Java #4 5.51 1,886,052 651 5.62 Java #7 24.15 1,032,956 1647 6.20 Java GraalVM #6 4.37 2,043,472 752 7.10 Java GraalVM #7 28.03 1,512,852 1647 22.89 Java GraalVM #8 Bad Output Java #3 Bad Output Java #8 Bad Output Java GraalVM #3 Bad Output binary-trees source secs mem gz cpu secs Java #4 4.47 2,116,292 840 5.15 Java #6 4.88 2,058,280 529 5.59 Java #3 4.91 2,101,240 540 5.61 Java #2 5.05 2,095,888 552 5.73 Java GraalVM #2 5.04 1,962,208 552 6.40 Java GraalVM #4 5.48 2,367,360 840 6.67 Java GraalVM #3 6.25 2,023,588 540 7.41 Java GraalVM #6 6.30 1,800,616 529 7.68 Java #7 2.52 1,726,148 835 7.89 Java GraalVM #7 2.68 1,785,956 835 8.50 Java openjdk 20 2023-03-21 OpenJDK Runtime Environment (build 20+36-2344) OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM (build build 20+36-2344 mixed mode, sharing) Java GraalVM openjdk 19.0.2 2023-01-17 OpenJDK Runtime Environment GraalVM CE 22.3.1 (build 19.0.2+7-jvmci-22.3-b12) OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM GraalVM CE 22.3.1 (build 19.0.2+7-jvmci-22.3-b12 mixed mode, sharing) all Java programs & measurements all Java GraalVM programs & measurements